Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) Congenital Hip Dysplasia (CHD) / Congenital Dislocation of Hip (CDH) And Nursing Intervention

August 14th, 2011 Admin

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• Developmental dysplasia of the hip describes a spectrum of disorders related to abnormal development of the hip.

• It may develop at any time during fetal life, infancy, or childhood in which there is a shallow acetabulum, subluxation, or dislocation.

• Incidence: 10 per 1000 live births.

• Eighty percent of the patients are female.

 

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

• Abnormal development of the components of the hip joints, Which are:

• Head of the femur

• Acetabulum

• Surrounding capsules and soft tissues

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Cerebral palsy (CP) and Nursing Care Plan

August 14th, 2011 Admin

cerebral palsy

• CP is a non-progressive CNS disorder of strength, muscle control, posture or movement due to brain injury occurring early during brain growth. It can occur from developmental defects in the brain or trauma at birth or shortly after birth.

• Incidence

– 3.3% per live births

– 10% of low birth weight babies less than 1 kg.

– 50% of preterm babies with intraventricular hemorrhage.

 

Signs of Cerebral Palsy

• Physical signs

– Poor head control after 3 months

– Stiff or rigid arms or legs

– Pushing away or arching back

– Floppy or limp body posture

– Can not sit without support by 8 months

– Use only one side of the body or one arm to crawl

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Hydrocephalus,Myelomeningocele,Papilledema, Nursing Management and Intervention

August 14th, 2011 Admin

Hydrocephalus

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• An excess of CSF in the ventricles and subarachnoid spaces of brain. Increased intracranial pressure resulting from excess fluid leads to enlargement of the head in an infant whose sutures are not closed.

• Types of Hydrocephalus

– Communicating (Extra ventricular): If there is passage of CSF between ventricles and spinal cord.

– Noncommunicating (Intraventricular): If there is a block to CSF pathway.

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Altered Growth and Development

August 13th, 2011 Admin

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Neonates with Altered Gestational Age

• Term infant: Born between 38-42 weeks of pregnancy.

• Premature infant: Born before 38 weeks of gestation regardless of birth weight.

• Post mature infant: Infant born after the onset of 43 weeks of pregnancy regardless of birth weight.

• Normal birth weight for a term infant: 2500-4500gm.

• Appropriate for gestational age: An infant whose birth weight falls between 10th to 90th percentile on an intrauterine growth curve.

• Low birth weight infants (LBW): Infants with a birth weight less than 2500 g.

• Small for gestational age (SGA): Infants who fall below 10th percentile of weight on the intrauterine growth curve.

• Large for gestational age (LGA): Infants who fall above the 90th percentile in weight regardless of gestational age.

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CHILD AND ILLNESS – Nursing Diagnosis and Intervention

August 13th, 2011 Admin

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Physiologic differences between children and adult

1. Skin (Integumentary System)

• Apocrine sweat glands in axillae, perineal and genital areas are small and nonfunctional from birth. Begin to function between 8-10 years old. At puberty, functions increase.

• Body odor is as a result of bacterial decomposing apocrine sweat.

• Adipose tissue accumulates during infancy, then declines in early childhood. Beginning of school age. again starts to accumulate.

• Sebaceous glands increase secretion in puberty resulting in acne, especially on the face.

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