August 17th, 2011 
Admin 
- A solution introduced into the rectum and sigmoid colon. Its function is to remove feces and/or flatus
Classification
1. Cleansing
2. Carminative
3. Retention
4. Return flow
Cleansing enema
• Stimulates peristalsis by irritating the colon and rectum and by distending the intestine with the volume of fluid introduced.
• Cleansing enemas are most effective if held for 5 to 10 min.
August 17th, 2011 Admin 
Breast Care: Care given to the breast tissue, nipple and supporting tissue during pregnancy and after delivery for nursing and non-nursing mothers.
Aims:
• Maintain proper support and cleanliness.
• Prevent trauma and infection of the nipples and breasts.
• Correct existing problems, such as flat or inverted nipples.
• Teach the technique of breast self examination on a monthly basis for life.
August 16th, 2011 Admin 
• Asthma is an immediate hypersensitivity response.
• Severe bronchoconstriction can be induced by cold air and irritating odors or inhalation of an allergen.
Types of Bronchial asthma
• Intrinsic : No immunologic cause for clinical symptoms.
• Extrinsic: Due to allergens.
– pollen
– Molds
– House dust
– food
August 16th, 2011 Admin 
• Inspiration: Intake of warmed moistened air to the lungs leading to alveolar exchange of oxygen to hemoglobin and diffusion of carbon dioxide into alveoli.
• Expiration: Discharge of carbon dioxide filled air to outside.
• Control of respiratory center: Located in the medulla. Changes in pH, percentage of carbon dioxide and oxygen, temperature and blood pressure stimulate the respiratory center to slow or increase respiratory activity.
August 14th, 2011 Admin 
• Congenital clubfoot is a complex deformity of the ankle and foot that includes forefoot adduction, midfoot supination, hindfoot varus, and ankle equinus. Also referred to as Talipes equinovarus (TEV),
• congenital clubfoot involves bone deformity and malposition with soft tissue contracture .
• This condition requires early evaluation and treatment for optimum correction.
• TEV is the most frequently occurring type of clubfoot (approximately 95 %).
• The incidence of clubfoot is 1 to 2 per 1000 live births.
• Males are affected twice as often as females. Bilateral clubfeet occur in 50% of the cases. A positive family history is associated with increased incidence. Incidence varies with geographical location with the lowest incidence in China and the highest in Polynesia.
