Tubular secretion: Secretion of certain substances from peritubular capillary to the tubular lumen, it’s considered as additional mechanism for elimination with filtration K+ secretion: * K+ plasma level is very important to be kept in narrow range because abnormal plasma levels will affect heart and CNS functions * K is filtered freely by filtration in [...]

Regulation of GFR: 1) Sympathetic system 2) auto regulation of afferent arteriole 3) juxtaglomerular apparatus Tubular reabsorption: Important principles regarding reabsorption 1) As mentioned before that each segment of tubular system has certain characteristics, which enable them to perform certain function as follow: A/ proximal tubule: has extensive brush border which reflect large reabsorptive capacity, [...]

    Glomerular filtration rate (GFR):   Before starting discussion, remember that basic renal functions are (Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion) these issues will be discussed in concern   GFR: is the rate of forming a filtrate from passing plasma through Glomerular capillary tuft, it is about 125 ml/min, and in order filtration [...]

Overview of kidney function 1. Maintain water balance and plasma osmolarity 2. Regulating plasma and ECF electrolytes and volume 3. Excreting waste products like urea and other foreign compounds like drugs 4. Regulating blood PH, so that, keeping it around 7.4 5. Produce hormone like substances like; rennin (which cause massive vasoconstriction after it convert [...]