SPIROCHETES -     Spirochetes are heterogeneous group of spiral motile bacteria. -     Strains of medical importance: -          1-Treponema pallidum. -          2-Borellia. -          3-Leptospira. Classification of Treponemas: -     The genus Treponema (T.) contains both pathogenic and nonpathogenic species . -     Nonpathogenic treponemas may be part of the normal flora of the intestinal tract, the oral cavity, or [...]

Campylobacter • Small gram negative rods spiral seagull or S shaped • Darting cock screw like motilty • Zoonosis • Undercooked poultry and meat major source of infection in humans • Foodborne • Enetrocolitis with diarrhoea,followed by bloody stools with fever and abdominal pain • Lab diagnosis • Morphology culture on Preston media CCDA agar [...]

Shigella •.mode of transmission • Person to person • Four- fingers-flies ,food,feaces • Pathogenesis • Limited to gastrointestinal tract without blood invasion. • Toxin acts early producing non-bloody diarrhoea- • followed by invasionof mucosa and wall of large intestine terminal ileum leading to necrosis,superficial ulcers .bleeding. • Clinical picture1-4 days incubation • Abdominal pain ,diarrhoea, [...]

Kliebsiella • Normal inhabitants of intestine and respiratory tract • Saprophytes in soil and water • Some caus e disease in man • Morphology • Gram negative ,nonmotile capsulated bacilli • Culture • Lactose fermenters on MacConkeys agar • K.pneumoniae causes lobar pneumonia,urinary tract infection • K.rhinoscleaomatis-rhinoscleroma • K.ozaenae –arophic rhinitis • K.oxytoca-hospital acquired infection [...]

• Lactose fermenters • Escherichia • Klebsiella • Citrobacter • Enterobacter • Non-lactose fermenters • Salmonella • Shigella • Proteus LARGEST COLLECTION OF MEDICALLY IMPORTANT BACTERIA causing 35% septicemias,more than 70% UTI infections and many intestinal infections.are part of the normal intestinal flora. Salmonella typhi,shigella always associated with diisease e.coli ,kliebsiella,Proteus are members of the [...]